O que é ponto de orvalho e como medi-lo?
O que é ponto de orvalho?
Ponto de orvalho é a temperatura até a qual o ar deve ser resfriado para que o vapor de água presente condense na forma de orvalho ou geada. Em qualquer temperatura há uma quantidade máxima de vapor de água que o ar consegue manter. Essa quantidade máxima é chamada de pressão de saturação do vapor de água. Adicionar mais vapor de água resulta em condensação.
Por que a umidade é problemática?
A condensação em ar pressurizado é problemática pois causa bloqueios em tubos, quebras em maquinários, contaminação e congelamento.
Qual o efeito da pressão sobre o ponto de orvalho?
A compressão do ar aumenta a pressão de vapor de água e, assim, o ponto de orvalho. É importante levar isso em consideração se você for liberar o ar para a atmosfera antes de realizar uma medição. O ponto de orvalho no ponto de medição será diferente do ponto de orvalho no processo.
Qual é a faixa comum do ponto de orvalho?
As temperaturas de ponto de orvalho encontradas no ar comprimido ficam entre a temperatura ambiente e -80 °C (-112 °F) em casos especiais. Sistemas de compressão sem recursos de secagem do ar tendem a produzir ar comprimido que é saturado à temperatura ambiente. Sistemas com secadores por refrigeração passam o ar comprimido por um trocador de calor, fazendo com que a água condense fora da corrente de ar. Esses sistemas normalmente produzem ar com ponto de orvalho de no máximo 5 °C (41 °F). Sistemas de secagem por dessecante absorvem o vapor de água da corrente de ar e podem produzir ar com ponto de orvalho de -40 °C (-40 °F) ou mais seco, caso necessário.
Como o ponto de orvalho é medido com segurança?
- Selecione um instrumento com a faixa de medição certa.
- Compreenda as características da pressão do instrumento de ponto de orvalho: os instrumentos da Vaisala são adequados para o uso em pressão de processo, mas há instrumentos no mercado que não são. Eles podem ser instalados para medir o ar comprimido depois que ele for expandido à pressão atmosférica, mas o valor medido de ponto de orvalho precisará ser corrigido caso o parâmetro de medição desejado seja o ponto de orvalho sob pressão.
- Instale o sensor corretamente: Siga as instruções do fabricante. Não instale os sensores de ponto de orvalho ao final de trechos pequenos ou em outras peças da tubulação que não possuam fluxo de ar.
Leia mais sobre ar comprimido ou navegue para baixo e veja os instrumentos de ponto de orvalho da Vaisala.
Comment
Thank you for contacting us. Sulphur acid is a harmful chemical (it corrodes the sensor easily) that must be kept away from the dew point transmitter. If the exposure of the Sulphur acid can be minimized, then you can choose the right product depending on the dewpoint measurement range you are looking for. One useful chart to choose the right product can be found here: https://www.vaisala.com/sites/default/files/documents/CEN-G-CompAir-Product-Brochure-B211208EN.pdf.
Best regards
Juhani, Product Manager
Thanks for contacting us and showing your interest in dew point measurements. The capacitance signal is measured by converting it first to frequency, where the sensor is a variable capacitance component in the oscillator circuit. This frequency is then counted and converted to relative humidity based on the sensor calibration and linearization (this part is based on the sensor model and other proprietary algorithms that are not public, unfortunately). Please note we always measure relative humidity, and therefore, we need also precise temperature reading that is measured on the humidity sensor surface. This is a normal resistive (pt100) measurement.
With a help of this document, you can derive the dew point calculation based on the measured RH and T: https://www.vaisala.com/system/files/documents/Humidity-conversion-formulas-Technical-eBook-B210973EN-L.pdf
I hope you will also find answers to other humidity-related calculations like absolute humidity, pressure-dependency, and other humidity formulas under the same document.
Best regards
Juhani
https://www.vaisala.com/en/lp/make-your-job-easier-humidity-conversion-formulas, or then you
can register for our webinar: https://www.vaisala.com/en/events/webinars/lp/real-life-use-cases-humidity-calculations
I hope the Humidity Conversion Formulas eBook and our humidity calculator tool will be helpful! Both are free.
Please guide how to choose
https://www.vaisala.com/en/lp/download-vaisala-compressed-air-eguide
To find out the dew point in a certain temperature, pressure, and humidity can be solved relatively easy by using e.g. the Vaisala Humidity Calculator: https://www.vaisala.com/en/measurement/humidity-dew-point-and-moisture. With this free tool we can calculate how much the dew point maximum and minimum are. The maximum dew point happens under higher pressure, higher relative humidity and higher temperature. If we put 7 bar, 80 % RH, and 50 degrees Celsius to the Humidity calculator, we can see the calculated dew point temperature is about 45 degrees C. So, if the gas is cooled down to 45 degrees C, the condensation happens. On the other hand, if our conditions are 6 bar pressure, 60 % RH and 25 degrees C, the dew point temperature would be then about 17 degrees C. Based on this information, the dew point temperature is between 17… 45 degrees Celsius depending on the conditions.
Wanted a few clarification:
a) If the medium tested for dewpoint have a higher range than the analyzer used, will the analyzer give a lower reading instead as it is beyond the accuracy region?
b) Can dry gases like argon & nitrogen be used to test dewpoint with the Vaisala DMP74B type analyzers?
A) If the real frost point (dew point below zero degrees Celsius) is lower (drier) than e.g. the DMP74B, the instrument typically shows the lowest possible reading (with this product the frost point reading goes somewhere to -74 degrees Celsius because the sensor cannot anymore detect the drier condition.
B) Argon and nitrogen are both inert gases and can be measured with Vaisala capacitive thin-film sensor technology. Please note that the pressure of the measured gas has an influence on the dew/frost point and should be inputted to the MI70 handheld to compensate for the pressure effect (the DMP74B cannot measure the gas pressure itself but you need to tell it to the instrument if the pressure is not ambient, i.e. 1 bar(absolute)).
As far as I know, our ouput is in analog (the value is between 0 to 4095). Is there a conversion chart or formula that will calculate the output into dew point correctly?
Analog output scaling depends on the product you have purchased. Based on the given number you are referring to output figures of analog to digital converter. To get your signal correctly converted you need to first understand what kind of output is selected in DMT143 you are using. If no changes are done to the product it can be done by comparing the configuration code of DMT143 to the order form of DMT143 found at docs.vaisala.com. To be 100% sure the product used can tell it’s scaling through the digital bus. DMT143 scaling could be for example be set such that output is 0 to 5 Volts and range is -70 to +60’C. This means that when the transmitter shows 0 Volts output corresponds to -70’C. If output is 5 volts then it corresponds +60’C dew point. If the transmitter outputs 2.5 Volts then it would correspond -5’C dew point.
After you have determined the scaling of DMT143 you need to make sure that how your analog-to-digital converter is scaled and how analog connections are made. For example, if 12 bit AD converter is able to read the whole 0 to 5 Volts output it means that when reading is decimal 0 output of the transmitter is 0 Volts which is the lower range value. If the reading is 4095 it means a maximum of 12 bit converter it means the transmitter outputting 5 Volts which is the maximum range value. If the output is 2047 it means that the transmitter outputs 2.5Volts which is then the middle of the range.
Issues could be that for example if an analog connection is scaled for 0 to 5 volts but the transmitter scaling is 0 to 1 volts it means that only one-fifth of AD converter capability is used and when the signal shows 819 it means that the transmitter outputs 5 volts which is maximum range value.
Best Regards,
Antti Viitanen
Product Manager
Vaisala
1) We keep the compressed air's temperature above the dew point to keep the water vapour in the air
or
2) We keep the compressed air's temperature at or below the dew point to allow the water vapour in the air to condense out, and if so where does that water go to?
I apologize for the late reply, there have been a few comments gone in our Comments, and come up now. 😯
Compressed air should be dried at all times to e.g. prevent corrosion and bacterial growth in the compressed air system, and to cancel free water in the air itself (any water spray or droplets are a sign of bad quality compressed air). There are different drying methods.
The most common (low-cost) drying method is a refrigerant dryer that cools the air close to the freezing point. The cool air dew point then directly equals the air temperature because the cold air cannot hold water anymore and all excess water can be removed by draining it out of the system.
The cool air is saturated by water meaning the RH is 100 %. After the drying, the air is warmed again, when the relative humidity decreases (hot air can hold more water again). The Vaisala DMT132 is a suitable product for refrigerant driers. With a desiccant drier, it is possible to achieve drier compressed air.
You can tell the actual process pressure for the DMT143 by using the serial line and XPRES command. The DMT143 can calculate the actual dew point/frost point temperature, converted to atmospheric pressure.
Best regard, Juhani Lehto
Typical solution is that the dryer is controlled by the online dew point measurement. For example, the desiccant dryer regeneration cycle has been traditionally controlled based on time (assumption when the drying agent needs regeneration). A much better way is to switch dryer towers based on the real moisture inside the tower and that can be detected by measuring the outlet of the dryer. As soon as the output gets moisture it is time to switch. This saves energy and money because the tower drying is based on real-time measurement. I recommend reading this article about compressed air drying: https://www.vaisala.com/en/lp/compressed-air-eguide-benefit-industrial-measurements This document also contains a list of suitable dew point transmitter that fits in your dew point range.
Best regards, Juhani Lehto